Surgical

These treatments are generally recommended when the tumor has been found at an early stage and if the tumor is smaller than 5 cm. Surgery is the removal of the tumor and some surrounding healthy tissue during an operation. It is the best treatment option for patients with a tumor smaller than 5 cm. If the tumor is large or has spread outside the liver, or if the patient has other serious illnesses, surgery may not be an option.

Two types of surgeries are used to treat HCC:

• Partial Hepatectomy: - A portion of the liver is removed. A hepatectomy can be done only if the cancer is in one part of the liver, and the liver is working well. The remaining section of liver takes over the functions of the entire liver and may regrow to its normal size within a few weeks. A hepatectomy may not be possible if the patient has advanced cirrhosis, even if the tumor is small. The side effects of a hepatectomy may include pain, weakness, fatigue, and temporary liver failure. The health care team will watch for signs of bleeding, infection, liver failure, or other problems that need immediate treatment.

 

• Liver transplantation: - Sometimes, a liver transplantation can be done. This procedure is possible only when the cancer has not spread outside the liver, a suitable donor is found, and very specific criteria are met in terms of tumor size and number. After a transplant, the patient will be watched closely for signs that the body might be rejecting the new liver or that the tumor has come back. The patient must take medication to prevent rejection. These drugs can cause side effects, such as puffiness in the face, high blood pressure, or increased body hair.